Obesity is a complex and growing health concern marked by excessive body fat that poses serious risks to overall health. Affecting people of all ages and backgrounds, it is now considered a global epidemic.

Its primary causes include an imbalance between calorie intake and energy expenditure—often linked to processed foods high in sugar and fat, low physical activity, and sedentary lifestyles. Genetics, hormonal changes, and certain medical conditions can also contribute to weight gain.

Obesity significantly increases the risk of chronic illnesses like type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, certain cancers, and sleep apnea. It can also impact mental health, contributing to depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem.

Managing obesity requires a comprehensive, individualized approach. Public education on nutrition, physical activity, and behavioral changes are key. Healthcare providers often recommend personalized plans involving dietary adjustments, movement, therapy, and in some cases, medications or bariatric surgery.

BMI (Body Mass Index) is the most commonly used measure, with a BMI of 30 or above considered obese. However, BMI doesn't always reflect true health. More accurate indicators include body fat percentage and visceral fat, assessed through methods like DEXA scans or bioelectrical impedance.

In the U.S., over 42% of adults are obese and 30.7% are overweight. Historical dietary guidelines, influenced by industry lobbying, often emphasized low fat over reducing refined sugars—contributing to this trend.

Supportive treatments like GLP-1 agonists (originally for diabetes) show promise in weight management. These medications enhance satiety and regulate glucose levels.

Reversing this trend requires a collective effort—focusing on education, access to healthy food, active lifestyles, and compassionate, evidence-based care. With the right tools and support, lasting change is possible.