Our Enduring Relationships with Companion Pets
Do you have a special friend waiting at home to greet you after a long day? The experience of sharing our lives with companion pets has been going on for millennia.
Humans and domesticated animals have had a special relationship for at least 30,000 years. Archeological records suggest that wolves became tame after approaching humans for food scraps. Remains of dogs and cats have been found at burial sites worldwide, and Egyptian art and tombs indicate they revered cats.
Pet Ownership in the U.S.
Many people share their lives and homes with companion pets, which provide numerous physical and mental health benefits. Dogs and cats are the most popular, with the American Veterinary Medicine Association (AVMA) estimating that:
- 38.4% of U.S. households own dogs (over 48 million homes).
- 25.4% own cats (over 31 million homes).
- 2.8% have birds, and 0.7% have horses.
- Many also have fish, reptiles, rabbits, and small mammals.
The Benefits of Companion Pets
Research from the Human Animal Bond Research Institute (HABRI) highlights the positive effects of companion animals:
- Mental Health: Pets reduce stress, anxiety, and depression and provide a sense of purpose.
- Physical Health: Pets lower blood pressure, reduce the risk of heart disease, and encourage exercise.
- Aging and Pets: Pets help older adults feel less lonely and improve cognitive function.
Companion, Emotional Support, Service, and Therapy Animals
Companion animals provide comfort, but some have specific designations:
- Companion Animals: Traditional pets that offer emotional support and companionship.
- Service Animals: Dogs (and some miniature horses) trained to assist individuals with disabilities under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).
- Emotional Support Animals (ESAs): Any animal prescribed by a doctor or mental health professional to support emotional well-being. Unlike service animals, ESAs do not require training.
- Therapy Animals: Specially trained pets that provide emotional support to people in hospitals, schools, and nursing homes.
Choosing Your Companion
Selecting the right pet depends on lifestyle and commitment. Key considerations include:
- Affordability of pet care.
- Work hours and travel frequency.
- Future lifestyle changes.
- Housing or local law restrictions.
- Ability to provide attention and exercise.
- Existing pets and compatibility.
- Grooming needs.
Where Do You Find Your Companion?
Adopting from a reputable shelter or rescue organization is a responsible choice. These organizations ensure pets are vaccinated, microchipped, and spayed/neutered. Many offer trial visits before adoption. If seeking a specific breed, look for breed-specific rescues or responsible breeders who prioritize health over profit.
What About Allergies?
Over 50 million Americans have allergies, and pets can be a trigger. While no dog or cat is completely hypoallergenic, some breeds shed less. Birds, reptiles, fish, and small mammals may be better options for those with severe allergies.
Planning for Pet Care
Owning a pet is a long-term commitment that should not be an impulsive decision. Mismatches often lead to pets being surrendered to shelters. Research and planning help ensure a fulfilling relationship with your new companion—one of the most rewarding bonds you’ll ever experience.
Read more about our companion pets and some of the work being done in Northeast Ohio at onehealth.org!